PANDUANHEWAN · INDONESIA
Animals endemic to Indonesia
Animals endemic to Indonesia — found naturally nowhere else — grouped by island: Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku and Papua.
Endemic animals live naturally in only one place. Of the 261 animals with a guide on PanduanHewan, 55 are endemic to Indonesia: they occur naturally in no other country. Examples include Sumatran orangutan, Komodo dragon, Sumatran tiger and Sumatran elephant.
55endemic animals in this guide
30endemic mammals
15endemic birds
Endemic animals recorded in Sumatra: 10
| Name | Scientific name | Endemic range | IUCN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cerulean Kingfisher | Alcedo coerulescens | southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, the Kangean Islands and the Lesser Sundas from Lombok to Flores | Least Concern |
| Reinwardt's flying frog | Rhacophorus reinwardtii | Java (records from northern Sumatra need confirmation) | Least Concern |
| Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker | Dicaeum trochileum | south-east Sumatra and Bangka, southern and eastern Kalimantan, Java, Bali, the Kangean Islands and Lombok | Least Concern |
| Sumatran elephant | Elephas maximus sumatranus | Sumatra | Critically Endangered |
| Sumatran orangutan | Pongo abelii | Northern Sumatra (Aceh and North Sumatra) | Critically Endangered |
| Sumatran rhinoceros | Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | Now only Sumatra and East Kalimantan; formerly also Malaysia and mainland Asia | Critically Endangered |
| Sumatran Surili | Presbytis melalophos | Sumatra | Endangered |
| Sumatran tiger | Panthera tigris sondaica | Sumatra (formerly also Java and Bali, where tigers are now extinct) | Critically Endangered |
| Tapanuli orangutan | Pongo tapanuliensis | Batang Toru Ecosystem, Tapanuli, North Sumatra | Critically Endangered |
| Thomas’s Langur | Presbytis thomasi | Northern Sumatra (Aceh and northern North Sumatra) | Vulnerable |
Endemic animals recorded in Java: 24
| Name | Scientific name | Endemic range | IUCN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Black-winged myna | Acridotheres melanopterus | Java, Bali, Madura and Nusa Penida | Endangered |
| Cerulean Kingfisher | Alcedo coerulescens | southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, the Kangean Islands and the Lesser Sundas from Lombok to Flores | Least Concern |
| Gray-cheeked Green-Pigeon | Treron griseicauda | Java, Bali, the Kangean Islands, Sulawesi and nearby islands (Sangihe, Talaud, Banggai, Sula, Tanahjampea) | — |
| Green Junglefowl | Gallus varius | Java, Bali and the Lesser Sundas (Lombok to Alor) | Least Concern |
| Hasselt's Toad | Leptobrachium hasseltii | Java, southern Sumatra and Bali | Least Concern |
| Horsfield's Treeshrew | Tupaia javanica | Java, Bali, western Sumatra and Nias Island | Least Concern |
| Javan gibbon | Hylobates moloch | Western and central Java (Banten, West Java, Central Java) | Endangered |
| Javan hawk-eagle | Nisaetus bartelsi | Java and Bali | Endangered |
| Javan leopard | Panthera pardus melas | Java | Endangered |
| Javan Lutung | Trachypithecus auratus | Java and Bali | Vulnerable |
| Javan mouse-deer | Tragulus javanicus | Java (presence on Bali uncertain) | Data Deficient |
| Javan Munia | Lonchura leucogastroides | southern Sumatra, Java, Bali and Lombok | Least Concern |
| Javan pied starling | Gracupica jalla | Java, Bali, Madura and Sapudi (possibly extinct in the wild) | Critically Endangered |
| Javan Porcupine | Hystrix javanica | Java (incl. Madura), Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Rinca and Tanah Jampea; probably introduced in south-west Sulawesi | Least Concern |
| Javan rhinoceros | Rhinoceros sondaicus | Now only the Ujung Kulon Peninsula, Banten (western tip of Java); formerly also mainland Southeast Asia and Sumatra | Critically Endangered |
| Javan slow loris | Nycticebus javanicus | Java (mainly the west and centre) | Critically Endangered |
| Javan spitting cobra | Naja sputatrix | Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara (Lombok to Alor) | Least Concern |
| Javan Surili | Presbytis comata | Western Java (West Java to Mt Sawal / the Pembarisan Mountains) | Vulnerable |
| Marbled Bow-fingered Gecko | Cyrtodactylus marmoratus | Java | Least Concern |
| Olive-backed Tailorbird | Orthotomus sepium | Java, Bali and Lombok (including Panaitan Island) | Least Concern |
| Reinwardt's flying frog | Rhacophorus reinwardtii | Java (records from northern Sumatra need confirmation) | Least Concern |
| Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker | Dicaeum trochileum | south-east Sumatra and Bangka, southern and eastern Kalimantan, Java, Bali, the Kangean Islands and Lombok | Least Concern |
| Schlegel's Frog | Chalcorana chalconota | Java, Bali and southern Sumatra | Least Concern |
| Timor deer | Rusa timorensis | Native to Java and Bali; introduced to other Indonesian islands and abroad | Vulnerable |
Endemic animals recorded in Kalimantan: 2
| Name | Scientific name | Endemic range | IUCN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bornean White-bearded Gibbon | Hylobates albibarbis | West and Central Kalimantan, between the Kapuas and Barito rivers | Endangered |
| Sumatran rhinoceros | Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | Now only Sumatra and East Kalimantan; formerly also Malaysia and mainland Asia | Critically Endangered |
Endemic animals recorded in Sulawesi: 15
| Name | Scientific name | Endemic range | IUCN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crested black macaque | Macaca nigra | North-eastern tip of Sulawesi (North Sulawesi) plus Manado Tua and Talise islands; introduced population on Bacan (Maluku) | Critically Endangered |
| Gray-cheeked Green-Pigeon | Treron griseicauda | Java, Bali, the Kangean Islands, Sulawesi and nearby islands (Sangihe, Talaud, Banggai, Sula, Tanahjampea) | — |
| Gursky's Spectral Tarsier | Tarsius spectrumgurskyae | Northern Sulawesi (from the tip of the northern peninsula to the Gorontalo Isthmus) | Vulnerable |
| Indonesian coelacanth | Latimeria menadoensis | Deep waters off North Sulawesi, North Maluku and Papua | Vulnerable |
| Lowland anoa | Bubalus depressicornis | Sulawesi and Buton Island | Endangered |
| Maleo | Macrocephalon maleo | Sulawesi and Buton Island | Critically Endangered |
| Moor Macaque | Macaca maura | South-western peninsula of Sulawesi (South Sulawesi), from Bontobahari to the Tempe Depression | Endangered |
| Mountain anoa | Bubalus quarlesi | Sulawesi (mainly mountain forest); possibly also Buton Island | Endangered |
| Pygmy tarsier | Tarsius pumilus | Mountains of Central Sulawesi | Endangered |
| Selayar tarsier | Tarsius tarsier | Selayar Island (South Sulawesi); in the broad sense also South-east Sulawesi, Buton, Muna and Kabaena | Vulnerable |
| Sulawesi babirusa | Babyrousa celebensis | Sulawesi (except the south-western peninsula) plus Muna, Buton and Lembeh islands | Vulnerable |
| Sulawesi bear cuscus | Ailurops ursinus | Sulawesi plus Buton, the Peleng Islands, the Togian Islands and possibly Muna | Vulnerable |
| Tatar Horseshoe Bat | Rhinolophus tatar | Sulawesi | Least Concern |
| Timor deer | Rusa timorensis | Native to Java and Bali; introduced to other Indonesian islands and abroad | Vulnerable |
| Whitish Dwarf Squirrel | Prosciurillus leucomus | Northern peninsula of Sulawesi and Lembeh Island | Least Concern |
Endemic animals recorded in Bali: 16
| Name | Scientific name | Endemic range | IUCN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bali myna | Leucopsar rothschildi | Bali | Critically Endangered |
| Black-winged myna | Acridotheres melanopterus | Java, Bali, Madura and Nusa Penida | Endangered |
| Cerulean Kingfisher | Alcedo coerulescens | southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, the Kangean Islands and the Lesser Sundas from Lombok to Flores | Least Concern |
| Gray-cheeked Green-Pigeon | Treron griseicauda | Java, Bali, the Kangean Islands, Sulawesi and nearby islands (Sangihe, Talaud, Banggai, Sula, Tanahjampea) | — |
| Green Junglefowl | Gallus varius | Java, Bali and the Lesser Sundas (Lombok to Alor) | Least Concern |
| Horsfield's Treeshrew | Tupaia javanica | Java, Bali, western Sumatra and Nias Island | Least Concern |
| Javan hawk-eagle | Nisaetus bartelsi | Java and Bali | Endangered |
| Javan Lutung | Trachypithecus auratus | Java and Bali | Vulnerable |
| Javan Munia | Lonchura leucogastroides | southern Sumatra, Java, Bali and Lombok | Least Concern |
| Javan pied starling | Gracupica jalla | Java, Bali, Madura and Sapudi (possibly extinct in the wild) | Critically Endangered |
| Javan Porcupine | Hystrix javanica | Java (incl. Madura), Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Rinca and Tanah Jampea; probably introduced in south-west Sulawesi | Least Concern |
| Javan spitting cobra | Naja sputatrix | Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara (Lombok to Alor) | Least Concern |
| Olive-backed Tailorbird | Orthotomus sepium | Java, Bali and Lombok (including Panaitan Island) | Least Concern |
| Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker | Dicaeum trochileum | south-east Sumatra and Bangka, southern and eastern Kalimantan, Java, Bali, the Kangean Islands and Lombok | Least Concern |
| Schlegel's Frog | Chalcorana chalconota | Java, Bali and southern Sumatra | Least Concern |
| Timor deer | Rusa timorensis | Native to Java and Bali; introduced to other Indonesian islands and abroad | Vulnerable |
Endemic animals recorded in Nusa Tenggara: 12
| Name | Scientific name | Endemic range | IUCN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cerulean Kingfisher | Alcedo coerulescens | southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, the Kangean Islands and the Lesser Sundas from Lombok to Flores | Least Concern |
| Flores hawk-eagle | Nisaetus floris | Lesser Sundas (Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Alor and several nearby islets) | Endangered |
| Gray-cheeked Green-Pigeon | Treron griseicauda | Java, Bali, the Kangean Islands, Sulawesi and nearby islands (Sangihe, Talaud, Banggai, Sula, Tanahjampea) | — |
| Green Junglefowl | Gallus varius | Java, Bali and the Lesser Sundas (Lombok to Alor) | Least Concern |
| Javan Lutung | Trachypithecus auratus | Java and Bali | Vulnerable |
| Javan Munia | Lonchura leucogastroides | southern Sumatra, Java, Bali and Lombok | Least Concern |
| Javan Porcupine | Hystrix javanica | Java (incl. Madura), Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Rinca and Tanah Jampea; probably introduced in south-west Sulawesi | Least Concern |
| Javan spitting cobra | Naja sputatrix | Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara (Lombok to Alor) | Least Concern |
| Komodo dragon | Varanus komodoensis | East Nusa Tenggara (Komodo, Rinca, Flores and a few small nearby islands) | Endangered |
| Olive-backed Tailorbird | Orthotomus sepium | Java, Bali and Lombok (including Panaitan Island) | Least Concern |
| Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker | Dicaeum trochileum | south-east Sumatra and Bangka, southern and eastern Kalimantan, Java, Bali, the Kangean Islands and Lombok | Least Concern |
| Timor deer | Rusa timorensis | Native to Java and Bali; introduced to other Indonesian islands and abroad | Vulnerable |
Endemic animals recorded in Maluku: 6
| Name | Scientific name | Endemic range | IUCN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesian coelacanth | Latimeria menadoensis | Deep waters off North Sulawesi, North Maluku and Papua | Vulnerable |
| Moluccan Bluespotted Maskray | Neotrygon moluccensis | Eastern Indonesia (Maluku) | — |
| Moluccan Eclectus | Eclectus roratus | the Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Bacan, Obi, Buru, Seram, Ambon, Haruku and Saparua) | Least Concern |
| Salmon-crested cockatoo | Cacatua moluccensis | South Moluccas: Seram and Ambon (formerly also Saparua and Haruku) | Endangered |
| Timor deer | Rusa timorensis | Native to Java and Bali; introduced to other Indonesian islands and abroad | Vulnerable |
| Wallace's golden birdwing | Ornithoptera croesus | North Maluku (Bacan, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore and possibly Morotai) | Near Threatened |
Endemic animals recorded in Papua: 7
| Name | Scientific name | Endemic range | IUCN |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesian coelacanth | Latimeria menadoensis | Deep waters off North Sulawesi, North Maluku and Papua | Vulnerable |
| Indonesian Speckled Carpetshark | Hemiscyllium freycineti | Raja Ampat Islands, Southwest Papua | Near Threatened |
| Moluccan Bluespotted Maskray | Neotrygon moluccensis | Eastern Indonesia (Maluku) | — |
| Moluccan Eclectus | Eclectus roratus | the Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Bacan, Obi, Buru, Seram, Ambon, Haruku and Saparua) | Least Concern |
| Red bird-of-paradise | Paradisaea rubra | Raja Ampat Islands, Southwest Papua (Waigeo, Batanta, Gam and Saonek) | Near Threatened |
| Timor deer | Rusa timorensis | Native to Java and Bali; introduced to other Indonesian islands and abroad | Vulnerable |
| Waigeo Spotted Cuscus | Spilocuscus papuensis | Waigeo and Gam islands, Raja Ampat (Southwest Papua); possibly also Batanta | Vulnerable |
What does endemic mean?
A species naturally found only in a particular geographic area, such as one island or one country. Endemic differs from “native”: a native species may also live elsewhere. This list covers only animals with a guide on this site whose range was checked against the cited source; Indonesia has many more endemic animals. Glossary.
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