For every animal. For a shared future.A nonprofit initiative

PANDUANHEWAN · INDONESIA

Maleo

A Sulawesi bird that uses environmental heat to incubate its eggs. Its survival connects forest living areas with highly specialised nesting grounds.

About this guideCompiled and checked against the listed sources; not yet expert reviewed.

A ground bird that also uses trees

Maleos have dark bodies, pale pinkish underparts, and a raised head ornament. They forage on the ground and use trees for night roosts. Calling one a ground bird therefore does not mean its entire life takes place without trees.

Nests receive heat from the environment

Maleos bury eggs in soil or sand warmed by the sun or geothermal sources. They do not incubate them with body heat as many birds do. Nesting-ground conditions are therefore essential to reproduction, rather than merely empty space beside a forest.

Chicks start life independently

WCS describes maleo chicks emerging with developed feathers and without the parental care typical of many other birds. Their early lives still require safe habitat. Seeing a chick alone does not establish that it has been abandoned or needs taking home.

Forest and nesting grounds must remain connected

Maleo protection includes forests and nesting grounds, including particular beaches. WCS documents beach protection as part of its conservation work. Retaining an egg-laying site without considering its surrounding landscape would provide an incomplete picture of what the bird needs.

Support that leaves nesting undisturbed

WCS identifies excessive egg collection and habitat loss as threats. Follow managed paths and access limits; do not dig nests or ask staff to display eggs for photographs. Useful programmes explain monitoring and community involvement, beyond the number of eggs handled.

Sources & references

  1. Cornell Lab eBird — Maleo ↗
  2. WCS Indonesia — Maleo ↗
  3. WCS — A bizarre bird: the maleo ↗
  4. WCS — Protecting maleo nesting beach ↗

References can change. Check dates and context in the original source.