In this guide (9)
What supports these guides?
Guides combine scientific references, conservation institutions and organisations describing their own activities. Each page lists sources so you can consult the original publisher. A citation supports the page’s context; it does not grant permission to copy the publisher’s complete text, images or database.
Some animal guides use a GBIF snapshot dated 23 September 2026 for taxon names, counts of human-observation records in Indonesia and frequently recorded place labels. Those pages link to their source queries. The snapshot is not live data.
Observations are not a range map
Record counts depend on observer effort, access, uploads and identification. They are not animal counts, population estimates, rarity scores or proof that a species is native to Indonesia. Island labels help you explore recorded observations; they do not establish a species’ complete native range.
We do not publish sensitive wildlife observation coordinates. Where species identity remains uncertain, the page explains that uncertainty. Consult taxonomic sources and local research before drawing conservation conclusions.
IUCN status, public services and data files
IUCN categories obtained from the Red List version 2026-1 dataset through GBIF carry the attribution and CC BY 4.0 licence recorded for that dataset. Statuses edited from other sources retain their own citations. The IUCN licence does not automatically cover photographs, every guide source or all directory contents.
The puskeswan directory includes public facility locations, with coordinates available from government sources; these are not wildlife observation points. Facility pins are a discovery aid. Confirm the address, opening hours and access directly with the provider before visiting.
JSON, CSV, Markdown files and read-only interfaces present information compiled from multiple sources. Open formats do not mean every item has one reuse licence. Check each record’s source and applicable permissions; public availability alone does not establish republication rights. Permission evidence for every third-party source is not yet complete.
Photographs have their own permissions
Photo captions and the credits page identify the creator, source and recorded licence for each image. Photographs may be cropped and optimised for layout. Check the original page and licence terms before reuse; attribution and share-alike conditions still apply where required.
On iNaturalist, a photograph’s licence can differ from the observation data licence. Research-grade status concerns community identification, not copyright permission or a guarantee of independent expert review. We do not treat every image on a website as freely reusable.
Before downloading or reusing data
Permission to view a page or map does not necessarily include permission to download, extract, analyse or republish its data. Check the provider’s terms, data format, intended use, attribution duties and written permission where required. Do not bypass access controls.
PanduanHewan does not provide forestry GIS layers from the SIGAP portal. If you need those data, check the Ministry of Forestry’s current terms and official application process. For research or new downloads using GBIF data, follow its user agreement and citation guidance; third-party photographs retain their separate licences.
The GBIF query links here help trace a source, but they are not a DOI-backed download package recording every contributing dataset. Reuse for a new analysis requires appropriate source and citation checks.
Report a source or rights concern
Use the corrections form to send the page URL, original source and a description of the permission or attribution issue. Include public evidence links where available. Do not send identity documents, sensitive coordinates or another person’s private data.
Sources & references
- GBIF — Data user agreement ↗
- GBIF — Citation guidance ↗
- IUCN Red List version 2026-1 — GBIF dataset ↗
- iNaturalist — How licences work ↗
- Kementerian Kehutanan — Permenhut 2/2026 ↗
References can change. Check dates and context in the original source. How we use sources and data →
Cite this page
Credit PanduanHewan when referring to this page. Check the original evidence sources before reusing a claim.
PanduanHewan. Data sources and responsible use. Last substantive update: 7 October 2026. https://panduanhewan.org/en/data-sources-and-use/